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@@ -57,18 +57,18 @@ As we can see, `_mint` makes it super easy to do this correctly.
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[[modularizing-the-mechanism]]
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== Modularizing the Mechanism
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-There is one supply mechanism already included in Contracts: `ERC20DeployReady`. This is a generic mechanism in which a set of accounts is assigned the `minter` role, granting them the permission to call a `mint` function, an external version of `_mint`.
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+There is one supply mechanism already included in Contracts: `ERC20PresetMinterPauser`. This is a generic mechanism in which a set of accounts is assigned the `minter` role, granting them the permission to call a `mint` function, an external version of `_mint`.
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-This can be used for centralized minting, where an externally owned account (i.e. someone with a pair of cryptographic keys) decides how much supply to create and to whom. There are very legitimate use cases for this mechanism, such as https://medium.com/reserve-currency/why-another-stablecoin-866f774afede#3aea[traditional asset-backed stablecoins].
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+This can be used for centralized minting, where an externally owned account (i.e. someone with a pair of cryptographic keys) decides how much supply to create and for whom. There are very legitimate use cases for this mechanism, such as https://medium.com/reserve-currency/why-another-stablecoin-866f774afede#3aea[traditional asset-backed stablecoins].
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The accounts with the minter role don't need to be externally owned, though, and can just as well be smart contracts that implement a trustless mechanism. We can in fact implement the same behavior as the previous section.
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[source,solidity]
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----
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contract MinerRewardMinter {
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- ERC20MinterPauser _token;
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+ ERC20PresetMinterPauser _token;
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- constructor(ERC20MinterPauser token) public {
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+ constructor(ERC20PresetMinterPauser token) public {
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_token = token;
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}
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@@ -78,16 +78,16 @@ contract MinerRewardMinter {
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}
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----
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-This contract, when initialized with an `ERC20DeployReady` instance, will result in exactly the same behavior implemented in the previous section. What is interesting about using `ERC20DeployReady` is that we can easily combine multiple supply mechanisms by assigning the role to multiple contracts, and moreover that we can do this dynamically.
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+This contract, when initialized with an `ERC20PresetMinterPauser` instance, and granted the `minter` role for that contract, will result in exactly the same behavior implemented in the previous section. What is interesting about using `ERC20PresetMinterPauser` is that we can easily combine multiple supply mechanisms by assigning the role to multiple contracts, and moreover that we can do this dynamically.
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TIP: To learn more about roles and permissioned systems, head to our xref:access-control.adoc[Access Control guide].
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[[automating-the-reward]]
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== Automating the Reward
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-Additionally to `_mint`, `ERC20` provides other internal functions that can be used or extended, such as xref:api:token/ERC20.adoc#ERC20-_transfer-address-address-uint256-[`_transfer`]. This function implements token transfers and is used by `ERC20`, so it can be used to trigger functionality automatically. This is something that can't be done with the `ERC20Mintable` approach.
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+So far our supply mechanisms were triggered manually, but `ERC20` also allows us to extend the core functionality of the token through the xref:api:token/ERC20.adoc#ERC20-_beforeTokenTransfer-address-address-uint256-[`_beforeTokenTransfer`] hook (see xref:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks]).
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-Adding to our previous supply mechanism, we can use this to mint a miner reward for every token transfer that is included in the blockchain.
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+Adding to the supply mechanism from previous sections, we can use this hook to mint a miner reward for every token transfer that is included in the blockchain.
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[source,solidity]
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----
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@@ -98,16 +98,14 @@ contract ERC20WithAutoMinerReward is ERC20 {
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_mint(block.coinbase, 1000);
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}
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- function _transfer(address from, address to, uint256 value) internal override {
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+ function _beforeTokenTransfer(address from, address to, uint256 value) internal virtual override {
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_mintMinerReward();
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- super._transfer(from, to, value);
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+ super._beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, value);
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}
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}
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----
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-Note how we override `_transfer` to first mint the miner reward and then run the original implementation by calling `super._transfer`. This last step is very important to preserve the original semantics of ERC20 transfers.
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-
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[[wrapping-up]]
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== Wrapping Up
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-We've seen two ways to implement ERC20 supply mechanisms: internally through `_mint`, and externally through `ERC20Mintable`. Hopefully this has helped you understand how to use OpenZeppelin and some of the design principles behind it, and you can apply them to your own smart contracts.
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+We've seen two ways to implement ERC20 supply mechanisms: internally through `_mint`, and externally through `ERC20PresetMinterPauser`. Hopefully this has helped you understand how to use OpenZeppelin and some of the design principles behind it, and you can apply them to your own smart contracts.
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