anchor/lang/attribute/account/src/lib.rs

extern crate proc_macro;

use anchor_syn::Overrides;
use quote::{quote, ToTokens};
use syn::{
    parenthesized,
    parse::{Parse, ParseStream},
    parse_macro_input,
    token::{Comma, Paren},
    Ident, LitStr,
};

mod id;

/// An attribute for a data structure representing a Solana account.
///
/// `#[account]` generates trait implementations for the following traits:
///
/// - [`AccountSerialize`](./trait.AccountSerialize.html)
/// - [`AccountDeserialize`](./trait.AccountDeserialize.html)
/// - [`AnchorSerialize`](./trait.AnchorSerialize.html)
/// - [`AnchorDeserialize`](./trait.AnchorDeserialize.html)
/// - [`Clone`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/clone/trait.Clone.html)
/// - [`Discriminator`](./trait.Discriminator.html)
/// - [`Owner`](./trait.Owner.html)
///
/// When implementing account serialization traits the first 8 bytes are
/// reserved for a unique account discriminator, self described by the first 8
/// bytes of the SHA256 of the account's Rust ident.
///
/// As a result, any calls to `AccountDeserialize`'s `try_deserialize` will
/// check this discriminator. If it doesn't match, an invalid account was given,
/// and the account deserialization will exit with an error.
///
/// # Args
///
/// - `discriminator`: Override the default 8-byte discriminator
///
///     **Usage:** `discriminator = <CONST_EXPR>`
///
///     All constant expressions are supported.
///
///     **Examples:**
///
///     - `discriminator = 0` (shortcut for `[0]`)
///     - `discriminator = [1, 2, 3, 4]`
///     - `discriminator = b"hi"`
///     - `discriminator = MY_DISC`
///     - `discriminator = get_disc(...)`
///
/// # Zero Copy Deserialization
///
/// **WARNING**: Zero copy deserialization is an experimental feature. It's
/// recommended to use it only when necessary, i.e., when you have extremely
/// large accounts that cannot be Borsh deserialized without hitting stack or
/// heap limits.
///
/// ## Usage
///
/// To enable zero-copy-deserialization, one can pass in the `zero_copy`
/// argument to the macro as follows:
///
/// ```ignore
/// #[account(zero_copy)]
/// ```
///
/// This can be used to conveniently implement
/// [`ZeroCopy`](./trait.ZeroCopy.html) so that the account can be used
/// with [`AccountLoader`](./accounts/account_loader/struct.AccountLoader.html).
///
/// Other than being more efficient, the most salient benefit this provides is
/// the ability to define account types larger than the max stack or heap size.
/// When using borsh, the account has to be copied and deserialized into a new
/// data structure and thus is constrained by stack and heap limits imposed by
/// the BPF VM. With zero copy deserialization, all bytes from the account's
/// backing `RefCell<&mut [u8]>` are simply re-interpreted as a reference to
/// the data structure. No allocations or copies necessary. Hence the ability
/// to get around stack and heap limitations.
///
/// To facilitate this, all fields in an account must be constrained to be
/// "plain old  data", i.e., they must implement
/// [`Pod`](https://docs.rs/bytemuck/latest/bytemuck/trait.Pod.html). Please review the
/// [`safety`](https://docs.rs/bytemuck/latest/bytemuck/trait.Pod.html#safety)
/// section before using.
///
/// Using `zero_copy` requires adding the following to your `cargo.toml` file:
/// `bytemuck = { version = "1.4.0", features = ["derive", "min_const_generics"]}`
#[proc_macro_attribute]
pub fn account(
    args: proc_macro::TokenStream,
    input: proc_macro::TokenStream,
) -> proc_macro::TokenStream {
    let args = parse_macro_input!(args as AccountArgs);
    let namespace = args.namespace.unwrap_or_default();
    let is_zero_copy = args.zero_copy.is_some();
    let unsafe_bytemuck = args.zero_copy.unwrap_or_default();

    let account_strct = parse_macro_input!(input as syn::ItemStruct);
    let account_name = &account_strct.ident;
    let account_name_str = account_name.to_string();
    let (impl_gen, type_gen, where_clause) = account_strct.generics.split_for_impl();

    let discriminator = args
        .overrides
        .and_then(|ov| ov.discriminator)
        .unwrap_or_else(|| {
            // Namespace the discriminator to prevent collisions.
            let discriminator_preimage = if namespace.is_empty() {
                format!("account:{account_name}")
            } else {
                format!("{namespace}:{account_name}")
            };

            let mut discriminator = [0u8; 8];
            discriminator.copy_from_slice(
                &anchor_syn::hash::hash(discriminator_preimage.as_bytes()).to_bytes()[..8],
            );
            let discriminator: proc_macro2::TokenStream =
                format!("{discriminator:?}").parse().unwrap();
            quote! { &#discriminator }
        });
    let disc = if account_strct.generics.lt_token.is_some() {
        quote! { #account_name::#type_gen::DISCRIMINATOR }
    } else {
        quote! { #account_name::DISCRIMINATOR }
    };

    let owner_impl = {
        if namespace.is_empty() {
            quote! {
                #[automatically_derived]
                impl #impl_gen anchor_lang::Owner for #account_name #type_gen #where_clause {
                    fn owner() -> Pubkey {
                        crate::ID
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {
            quote! {}
        }
    };

    let unsafe_bytemuck_impl = {
        if unsafe_bytemuck {
            quote! {
                #[automatically_derived]
                unsafe impl #impl_gen anchor_lang::__private::bytemuck::Pod for #account_name #type_gen #where_clause {}
                #[automatically_derived]
                unsafe impl #impl_gen anchor_lang::__private::bytemuck::Zeroable for #account_name #type_gen #where_clause {}
            }
        } else {
            quote! {}
        }
    };

    let bytemuck_derives = {
        if !unsafe_bytemuck {
            quote! {
                #[zero_copy]
            }
        } else {
            quote! {
                #[zero_copy(unsafe)]
            }
        }
    };

    proc_macro::TokenStream::from({
        if is_zero_copy {
            quote! {
                #bytemuck_derives
                #account_strct

                #unsafe_bytemuck_impl

                #[automatically_derived]
                impl #impl_gen anchor_lang::ZeroCopy for #account_name #type_gen #where_clause {}

                #[automatically_derived]
                impl #impl_gen anchor_lang::Discriminator for #account_name #type_gen #where_clause {
                    const DISCRIMINATOR: &'static [u8] = #discriminator;
                }

                // This trait is useful for clients deserializing accounts.
                // It's expected on-chain programs deserialize via zero-copy.
                #[automatically_derived]
                impl #impl_gen anchor_lang::AccountDeserialize for #account_name #type_gen #where_clause {
                    fn try_deserialize(buf: &mut &[u8]) -> anchor_lang::Result<Self> {
                        if buf.len() < #disc.len() {
                            return Err(anchor_lang::error::ErrorCode::AccountDiscriminatorNotFound.into());
                        }
                        let given_disc = &buf[..#disc.len()];
                        if #disc != given_disc {
                            return Err(anchor_lang::error!(anchor_lang::error::ErrorCode::AccountDiscriminatorMismatch).with_account_name(#account_name_str));
                        }
                        Self::try_deserialize_unchecked(buf)
                    }

                    fn try_deserialize_unchecked(buf: &mut &[u8]) -> anchor_lang::Result<Self> {
                        let data: &[u8] = &buf[#disc.len()..];
                        // Re-interpret raw bytes into the POD data structure.
                        let account = anchor_lang::__private::bytemuck::from_bytes(data);
                        // Copy out the bytes into a new, owned data structure.
                        Ok(*account)
                    }
                }

                #owner_impl
            }
        } else {
            quote! {
                #[derive(AnchorSerialize, AnchorDeserialize, Clone)]
                #account_strct

                #[automatically_derived]
                impl #impl_gen anchor_lang::AccountSerialize for #account_name #type_gen #where_clause {
                    fn try_serialize<W: std::io::Write>(&self, writer: &mut W) -> anchor_lang::Result<()> {
                        if writer.write_all(#disc).is_err() {
                            return Err(anchor_lang::error::ErrorCode::AccountDidNotSerialize.into());
                        }

                        if AnchorSerialize::serialize(self, writer).is_err() {
                            return Err(anchor_lang::error::ErrorCode::AccountDidNotSerialize.into());
                        }
                        Ok(())
                    }
                }

                #[automatically_derived]
                impl #impl_gen anchor_lang::AccountDeserialize for #account_name #type_gen #where_clause {
                    fn try_deserialize(buf: &mut &[u8]) -> anchor_lang::Result<Self> {
                        if buf.len() < #disc.len() {
                            return Err(anchor_lang::error::ErrorCode::AccountDiscriminatorNotFound.into());
                        }
                        let given_disc = &buf[..#disc.len()];
                        if #disc != given_disc {
                            return Err(anchor_lang::error!(anchor_lang::error::ErrorCode::AccountDiscriminatorMismatch).with_account_name(#account_name_str));
                        }
                        Self::try_deserialize_unchecked(buf)
                    }

                    fn try_deserialize_unchecked(buf: &mut &[u8]) -> anchor_lang::Result<Self> {
                        let mut data: &[u8] = &buf[#disc.len()..];
                        AnchorDeserialize::deserialize(&mut data)
                            .map_err(|_| anchor_lang::error::ErrorCode::AccountDidNotDeserialize.into())
                    }
                }

                #[automatically_derived]
                impl #impl_gen anchor_lang::Discriminator for #account_name #type_gen #where_clause {
                    const DISCRIMINATOR: &'static [u8] = #discriminator;
                }

                #owner_impl
            }
        }
    })
}

#[derive(Debug, Default)]
struct AccountArgs {
    /// `bool` is for deciding whether to use `unsafe` e.g. `Some(true)` for `zero_copy(unsafe)`
    zero_copy: Option<bool>,
    /// Account namespace override, `account` if not specified
    namespace: Option<String>,
    /// Named overrides
    overrides: Option<Overrides>,
}

impl Parse for AccountArgs {
    fn parse(input: ParseStream) -> syn::Result<Self> {
        let mut parsed = Self::default();
        let args = input.parse_terminated::<_, Comma>(AccountArg::parse)?;
        for arg in args {
            match arg {
                AccountArg::ZeroCopy { is_unsafe } => {
                    parsed.zero_copy.replace(is_unsafe);
                }
                AccountArg::Namespace(ns) => {
                    parsed.namespace.replace(ns);
                }
                AccountArg::Overrides(ov) => {
                    parsed.overrides.replace(ov);
                }
            }
        }

        Ok(parsed)
    }
}

enum AccountArg {
    ZeroCopy { is_unsafe: bool },
    Namespace(String),
    Overrides(Overrides),
}

impl Parse for AccountArg {
    fn parse(input: ParseStream) -> syn::Result<Self> {
        // Namespace
        if let Ok(ns) = input.parse::<LitStr>() {
            return Ok(Self::Namespace(
                ns.to_token_stream().to_string().replace('\"', ""),
            ));
        }

        // Zero copy
        if input.fork().parse::<Ident>()? == "zero_copy" {
            input.parse::<Ident>()?;
            let is_unsafe = if input.peek(Paren) {
                let content;
                parenthesized!(content in input);
                let content = content.parse::<proc_macro2::TokenStream>()?;
                if content.to_string().as_str().trim() != "unsafe" {
                    return Err(syn::Error::new(
                        syn::spanned::Spanned::span(&content),
                        "Expected `unsafe`",
                    ));
                }

                true
            } else {
                false
            };

            return Ok(Self::ZeroCopy { is_unsafe });
        };

        // Overrides
        input.parse::<Overrides>().map(Self::Overrides)
    }
}

#[proc_macro_derive(ZeroCopyAccessor, attributes(accessor))]
pub fn derive_zero_copy_accessor(item: proc_macro::TokenStream) -> proc_macro::TokenStream {
    let account_strct = parse_macro_input!(item as syn::ItemStruct);
    let account_name = &account_strct.ident;
    let (impl_gen, ty_gen, where_clause) = account_strct.generics.split_for_impl();

    let fields = match &account_strct.fields {
        syn::Fields::Named(n) => n,
        _ => panic!("Fields must be named"),
    };
    let methods: Vec<proc_macro2::TokenStream> = fields
        .named
        .iter()
        .filter_map(|field: &syn::Field| {
            field
                .attrs
                .iter()
                .find(|attr| anchor_syn::parser::tts_to_string(&attr.path) == "accessor")
                .map(|attr| {
                    let mut tts = attr.tokens.clone().into_iter();
                    let g_stream = match tts.next().expect("Must have a token group") {
                        proc_macro2::TokenTree::Group(g) => g.stream(),
                        _ => panic!("Invalid syntax"),
                    };
                    let accessor_ty = match g_stream.into_iter().next() {
                        Some(token) => token,
                        _ => panic!("Missing accessor type"),
                    };

                    let field_name = field.ident.as_ref().unwrap();

                    let get_field: proc_macro2::TokenStream =
                        format!("get_{field_name}").parse().unwrap();
                    let set_field: proc_macro2::TokenStream =
                        format!("set_{field_name}").parse().unwrap();

                    quote! {
                        pub fn #get_field(&self) -> #accessor_ty {
                            anchor_lang::__private::ZeroCopyAccessor::get(&self.#field_name)
                        }
                        pub fn #set_field(&mut self, input: &#accessor_ty) {
                            self.#field_name = anchor_lang::__private::ZeroCopyAccessor::set(input);
                        }
                    }
                })
        })
        .collect();
    proc_macro::TokenStream::from(quote! {
        #[automatically_derived]
        impl #impl_gen #account_name #ty_gen #where_clause {
            #(#methods)*
        }
    })
}

/// A data structure that can be used as an internal field for a zero copy
/// deserialized account, i.e., a struct marked with `#[account(zero_copy)]`.
///
/// `#[zero_copy]` is just a convenient alias for
///
/// ```ignore
/// #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
/// #[derive(bytemuck::Zeroable)]
/// #[derive(bytemuck::Pod)]
/// #[repr(C)]
/// struct MyStruct {...}
/// ```
#[proc_macro_attribute]
pub fn zero_copy(
    args: proc_macro::TokenStream,
    item: proc_macro::TokenStream,
) -> proc_macro::TokenStream {
    let mut is_unsafe = false;
    for arg in args.into_iter() {
        match arg {
            proc_macro::TokenTree::Ident(ident) => {
                if ident.to_string() == "unsafe" {
                    // `#[zero_copy(unsafe)]` maintains the old behaviour
                    //
                    // ```ignore
                    // #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
                    // #[repr(packed)]
                    // struct MyStruct {...}
                    // ```
                    is_unsafe = true;
                } else {
                    // TODO: how to return a compile error with a span (can't return prase error because expected type TokenStream)
                    panic!("expected single ident `unsafe`");
                }
            }
            _ => {
                panic!("expected single ident `unsafe`");
            }
        }
    }

    let account_strct = parse_macro_input!(item as syn::ItemStruct);

    // Takes the first repr. It's assumed that more than one are not on the
    // struct.
    let attr = account_strct
        .attrs
        .iter()
        .find(|attr| anchor_syn::parser::tts_to_string(&attr.path) == "repr");

    let repr = match attr {
        // Users might want to manually specify repr modifiers e.g. repr(C, packed)
        Some(_attr) => quote! {},
        None => {
            if is_unsafe {
                quote! {#[repr(packed)]}
            } else {
                quote! {#[repr(C)]}
            }
        }
    };

    let mut has_pod_attr = false;
    let mut has_zeroable_attr = false;
    for attr in account_strct.attrs.iter() {
        let token_string = attr.tokens.to_string();
        if token_string.contains("bytemuck :: Pod") {
            has_pod_attr = true;
        }
        if token_string.contains("bytemuck :: Zeroable") {
            has_zeroable_attr = true;
        }
    }

    // Once the Pod derive macro is expanded the compiler has to use the local crate's
    // bytemuck `::bytemuck::Pod` anyway, so we're no longer using the privately
    // exported anchor bytemuck `__private::bytemuck`, so that there won't be any
    // possible disparity between the anchor version and the local crate's version.
    let pod = if has_pod_attr || is_unsafe {
        quote! {}
    } else {
        quote! {#[derive(::bytemuck::Pod)]}
    };
    let zeroable = if has_zeroable_attr || is_unsafe {
        quote! {}
    } else {
        quote! {#[derive(::bytemuck::Zeroable)]}
    };

    let ret = quote! {
        #[derive(anchor_lang::__private::ZeroCopyAccessor, Copy, Clone)]
        #repr
        #pod
        #zeroable
        #account_strct
    };

    #[cfg(feature = "idl-build")]
    {
        let derive_unsafe = if is_unsafe {
            // Not a real proc-macro but exists in order to pass the serialization info
            quote! { #[derive(bytemuck::Unsafe)] }
        } else {
            quote! {}
        };
        let zc_struct = syn::parse2(quote! {
            #derive_unsafe
            #ret
        })
        .unwrap();
        let idl_build_impl = anchor_syn::idl::impl_idl_build_struct(&zc_struct);
        return proc_macro::TokenStream::from(quote! {
            #ret
            #idl_build_impl
        });
    }

    #[allow(unreachable_code)]
    proc_macro::TokenStream::from(ret)
}

/// Convenience macro to define a static public key.
///
/// Input: a single literal base58 string representation of a Pubkey.
#[proc_macro]
pub fn pubkey(input: proc_macro::TokenStream) -> proc_macro::TokenStream {
    let pk = parse_macro_input!(input as id::Pubkey);
    proc_macro::TokenStream::from(quote! {#pk})
}

/// Defines the program's ID. This should be used at the root of all Anchor
/// based programs.
#[proc_macro]
pub fn declare_id(input: proc_macro::TokenStream) -> proc_macro::TokenStream {
    #[cfg(feature = "idl-build")]
    let address = input.clone().to_string();

    let id = parse_macro_input!(input as id::Id);
    let ret = quote! { #id };

    #[cfg(feature = "idl-build")]
    {
        let idl_print = anchor_syn::idl::gen_idl_print_fn_address(address);
        return proc_macro::TokenStream::from(quote! {
            #ret
            #idl_print
        });
    }

    #[allow(unreachable_code)]
    proc_macro::TokenStream::from(ret)
}